The global EV platform market size was exhibited at USD 11.85 billion in 2023 and is projected to hit around USD 152.99 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 29.15% during the forecast period of 2024 to 2033.
Key Takeaways:
EV Platform Market: Overview
The global electric vehicle (EV) market has witnessed exponential growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental awareness, regulatory mandates, and technological advancements. At the core of this revolution lies the electric vehicle platform, a critical component shaping the future of transportation. This comprehensive overview delves into the dynamics, trends, and key players within the EV platform market, providing valuable insights for stakeholders and enthusiasts alike.
EV Platform Market Growth
The growth of the electric vehicle (EV) platform market is driven by several key factors. Firstly, increasing environmental concerns and regulatory mandates aimed at reducing emissions have spurred a rapid shift towards electric mobility solutions. Additionally, advancements in battery technology and charging infrastructure have enhanced the practicality and appeal of electric vehicles, driving consumer adoption. Moreover, government incentives and subsidies aimed at promoting electric vehicle adoption have further catalyzed market growth. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on sustainability and corporate social responsibility among automotive manufacturers has led to significant investments in EV platform development. Lastly, the emergence of innovative startups and collaborations between established players and technology firms have injected dynamism and innovation into the market, fostering competition and driving further expansion.
EV Platform Market Report Scope
Report Coverage | Details |
Market Size in 2024 | USD 11.85 Billion |
Market Size by 2033 | USD 152.99 Billion |
Growth Rate From 2024 to 2033 | CAGR of 29.15% |
Base Year | 2023 |
Forecast Period | 2024-2033 |
Segments Covered | By Component, By Electric Vehicle Type, By Vehicle Type, By Sale Channel, and By Application |
Market Analysis (Terms Used) | Value (US$ Million/Billion) or (Volume/Units) |
Regional Scope | North America; Europe; Asia Pacific; Central and South America; the Middle East and Africa |
Key Companies Profiled | Nissan Motor, Open Motors, REE Auto, Rivian, Saic Motor, XAOS Motors, Baic Motor, BMW, BYD, Byton, Canoo, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo, Chery, Daimler, Faraday Future, Fisker, Ford, Geely, Zotye. |
EV Platform Market Dynamics
The EV Platform market is dynamic and evolving, largely driven by continuous technological advancements. Key innovations in battery technology, power electronics, and vehicle architecture are reshaping the landscape, enabling manufacturers to enhance the performance, range, and efficiency of electric vehicles. Additionally, advancements in lightweight materials and modular platform designs are improving manufacturing processes, reducing costs, and increasing scalability. Moreover, the integration of smart connectivity features and autonomous driving capabilities is transforming the driving experience and unlocking new opportunities for innovation and differentiation within the market.
Government regulations and policy initiatives play a significant role in shaping the EV Platform market dynamics. Stringent emissions standards, fuel efficiency regulations, and mandates promoting electric vehicle adoption are driving automakers to invest in electrification strategies and develop advanced platform solutions. Additionally, incentives such as tax credits, subsidies, and rebates are encouraging consumers to purchase electric vehicles, stimulating demand and market growth. Furthermore, collaborative efforts between governments, industry stakeholders, and research institutions are fostering innovation and accelerating the development of sustainable transportation solutions, thereby shaping the future trajectory of the EV Platform market.
EV Platform Market Restraint
One significant restraint facing the EV Platform market is the inadequacy of charging infrastructure. Despite the increasing adoption of electric vehicles, the availability of charging stations remains limited in many regions. This lack of infrastructure presents a barrier to widespread EV adoption, as consumers may be hesitant to invest in electric vehicles without convenient access to charging facilities. Moreover, the variability in charging standards and protocols further complicates the situation, hindering interoperability and complicating the development of standardized charging solutions.
Another restraint impacting the EV Platform market is the relatively high upfront cost of electric vehicles compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. While the total cost of ownership for electric vehicles may be lower over the vehicle's lifetime due to lower fuel and maintenance expenses, the initial purchase price can deter some consumers from transitioning to electric vehicles. Additionally, the cost of developing and manufacturing advanced EV platforms with cutting-edge technology and materials can be prohibitively high for automakers, impacting profitability and pricing strategies.
EV Platform Market Opportunity
One significant opportunity in the EV Platform market is the expansion of electric vehicle models across various segments. As consumer demand for electric vehicles continues to grow, automakers have the opportunity to diversify their product offerings and introduce electric versions of popular vehicle types, including sedans, SUVs, trucks, and commercial vehicles. By leveraging versatile EV platforms that support multiple vehicle configurations and powertrain options, manufacturers can cater to diverse market preferences and capture a larger share of the electric vehicle market.
Another significant opportunity in the EV Platform market lies in collaboration and partnerships among industry stakeholders. As the electric vehicle market continues to mature, collaboration between automakers, technology companies, utilities, and infrastructure providers is essential for driving innovation, addressing challenges, and accelerating market growth. Collaborative efforts can facilitate the development of standardized platforms, interoperable charging solutions, and integrated mobility ecosystems, making electric vehicles more accessible, convenient, and practical for consumers. Moreover, partnerships with government agencies and policymakers can help navigate regulatory challenges, secure incentives and funding, and foster a supportive environment for electric vehicle adoption.
EV Platform Market Challenges
One of the primary challenges facing the EV Platform market is range anxiety, which refers to the fear or concern among consumers regarding the limited driving range of electric vehicles. Despite advancements in battery technology, many electric vehicles still have a lower driving range compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. This limitation can deter potential buyers, particularly those who regularly travel long distances or lack access to charging infrastructure.
Another significant challenge in the EV Platform market is the cost and performance of batteries, which constitute a substantial portion of the overall vehicle cost and directly impact factors such as range, charging time, and longevity. While the cost of lithium-ion batteries has declined significantly in recent years, it remains a significant barrier to widespread electric vehicle adoption, particularly in price-sensitive market segments. Additionally, concerns about battery performance, including issues such as degradation over time and limited lifespan, can influence consumer perceptions and purchase decisions. Addressing these challenges requires ongoing research and development efforts to improve battery technology, increase energy density, reduce costs, and enhance durability.
Segments Insights:
Component Insights:
The steering system segment is expected to increase rapidly during the forecast period. Electric steering systems are efficient since they do not need a pump to develop hydraulic pressure, which can help extend an EV's range. The need for EV platforms and increased safety regulations by creating precise and responsive steering systems, reducing the risk of accidents, and enhancing the safety of EVs will increase the demand for steering systems during the upcoming period.
Electric Vehicle Type Insights:
The battery-electric vehicle segment is expected to lead the market with the highest revenue during the forecast period. The evolution of lithium-ion technology has raised the requirement for the growth of batteries, which has been a prominent solution for automobile developers that can give power to electric vehicle batteries. The main factors driving the market's growth are increased technological advancement, zero-emission assets, and the ability to not emit toxic gases.
For instance, In June 2023, General Motors announced that it was partnering with Honda to develop and produce Ultium batteries for both companies' electric vehicles.
Vehicle Type Insights:
With the rising demand for electric vehicles to carry heavy loads, the significance of utility vehicles will continue to grow. Utility vehicles require fast charging; the EV platform provides a well-established, compatible charging network. Several automotive manufacturers are focused on customizing EV platforms according to durability and reliability requirements, especially for utility vehicles. This element highlights the segment's growth for the upcoming years. Companies extensively adopt this due to greater public demand and sales. For instance, in 2023, India's Mahindra and Mahindra showcased its forthcoming electric SUV - XUV-300 - re-badged as XUV-400.
Sale Channel Insights
The vehicle returns to its original state since they make OEM parts easier to install with less room for error. If the car is in its original condition, it fits with the vehicle. The quality and safety of the product is maintained.
The rising demand for vehicle conversion and customization will fuel the segment’s growth. The automotive market is experiencing a massive demand for do-it-yourself automotive parts; the aftermarket sales channel offers an opportunity for consumers to choose their platforms. Cheaper and affordable as compared to OEM. Rising retrofitting activities will grow the segment.
Application Insights
The passenger vehicles segment holds a significant position in the EV platform market. The enormous demand for personal vehicles and changing consumer preference towards electric vehicles promote the growth of the segment. The rise in middle-income population, especially in multiple developing countries highlights the demand for electric vehicles, which subsequently promotes the production of EV platforms.
The commercial vehicles segment plays a significant role in the EV platform market. Electric commercial vehicles produce zero emissions, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline or diesel-powered vehicles, which makes them more environmentally friendly and helps in combating climate change.
The segment is expected to grow primarily owing to the increasing demand for minibusses and vans. The substantial demand for commercial vehicles from companies and industries will also promote the growth of the segment in the upcoming years. Light commercial vehicles are expected to witness an enormous demand in the future.
Electric commercial vehicles are highly efficient in converting energy into motion. They have higher energy efficiency than internal combustion engine vehicles, which results in better mileage per unit of energy consumed.
Regional Insights:
Asia Pacific dominates the global EV platform market; the region is expected to sustain its position in the market throughout the predicted timeframe. Several governments of the Asian countries including Japan, China and India have assisted the proliferation of EV demand through subsidies and favorable policies for EVs by distressing the use of gasoline-diesel vehicles. China dominates the global electric vehicle market, the rising production and advancements of electric vehicles in the country highlight the growth of the EV platform market for upcoming years.
Europe is the fastest-growing region in the EV platform market. The electric vehicle market in Europe is witnessing significant growth. Nordics and and Netherlands continue to lead the way. The United Kingdom reported triple-digit increases for the year. Changing consumer preferences, concerns about climate change, substantial focus on choosing sustainable transportation modes along with favorable government policies were the primary factors that are propelling the growth of the market in Europe. The presence of major manufacturers including Tesla, Renault, BMW and Audi in the region contributes to the growth of the market.
Recent Developments:
Some of the prominent players in the EV platform market include:
Segments Covered in the Report
This report forecasts revenue growth at global, regional, and country levels and provides an analysis of the latest industry trends in each of the sub-segments from 2021 to 2033. For this study, Nova one advisor, Inc. has segmented the global EV platform market.
By Component
By Electric Vehicle Type
By Vehicle Type
By Sale Channel
By Application
By Region
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Research Objective
1.2. Scope of the Study
1.3. Definition
Chapter 2. Research Methodology (Premium Insights)
2.1. Research Approach
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Assumptions & Limitations
Chapter 3. Executive Summary
3.1. Market Snapshot
Chapter 4. Market Variables and Scope
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Market Classification and Scope
4.3. Industry Value Chain Analysis
4.3.1. Raw Material Procurement Analysis
4.3.2. Sales and Distribution Channel Analysis
4.3.3. Downstream Buyer Analysis
Chapter 5. COVID 19 Impact on EV Platform Market
5.1. COVID-19 Landscape: EV Platform Industry Impact
5.2. COVID 19 - Impact Assessment for the Industry
5.3. COVID 19 Impact: Global Major Government Policy
5.4. Market Trends and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape
Chapter 6. Market Dynamics Analysis and Trends
6.1. Market Dynamics
6.1.1. Market Drivers
6.1.2. Market Restraints
6.1.3. Market Opportunities
6.2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
6.2.1. Bargaining power of suppliers
6.2.2. Bargaining power of buyers
6.2.3. Threat of substitute
6.2.4. Threat of new entrants
6.2.5. Degree of competition
Chapter 7. Competitive Landscape
7.1.1. Company Market Share/Positioning Analysis
7.1.2. Key Strategies Adopted by Players
7.1.3. Vendor Landscape
7.1.3.1. List of Suppliers
7.1.3.2. List of Buyers
Chapter 8. Global EV Platform Market, By Component
8.1. EV Platform Market, by Component, 2024-2033
8.1.1. Chassis
8.1.1.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
8.1.2. Steering System
8.1.2.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
8.1.3. Suspension System
8.1.3.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
8.1.4. Drivetrain
8.1.4.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
8.1.5. Battery
8.1.5.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
8.1.6. Vehicle Interior
8.1.6.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
Chapter 9. Global EV Platform Market, By Electric Vehicle Type
9.1. EV Platform Market, by Electric Vehicle Type, 2024-2033
9.1.1. Battery Electric Vehicle
9.1.1.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
9.1.2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
9.1.2.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
Chapter 10. Global EV Platform Market, By Vehicle Type
10.1. EV Platform Market, by Vehicle Type, 2024-2033
10.1.1. Sedan
10.1.1.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
10.1.2. Hatchback
10.1.2.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
10.1.3. Utility Vehicle
10.1.3.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
10.1.4. Others
10.1.4.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
Chapter 11. Global EV Platform Market, By Sale Channel
11.1. EV Platform Market, by Sale Channel, 2024-2033
11.1.1. OEM
11.1.1.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
11.1.2. Aftermarket
11.1.2.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
Chapter 12. Global EV Platform Market, By Application
12.1. EV Platform Market, by Application, 2024-2033
12.1.1. Passenger Vehicles
12.1.1.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
12.1.2. Commercial Vehicles
12.1.2.1. Market Revenue and Forecast (2021-2033)
Chapter 13. Global EV Platform Market, Regional Estimates and Trend Forecast
13.1. North America
13.1.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.1.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.1.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.1.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.1.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.1.6. U.S.
13.1.6.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.1.6.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.1.6.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.1.6.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.1.6.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.1.7. Rest of North America
13.1.7.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.1.7.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.1.7.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.1.7.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.1.7.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.2. Europe
13.2.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.2.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.2.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.2.6. UK
13.2.6.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.2.6.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.6.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.7. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.2.8. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.2.9. Germany
13.2.9.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.2.9.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.9.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.10. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.2.11. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.2.12. France
13.2.12.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.2.12.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.12.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.12.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.2.13. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.2.14. Rest of Europe
13.2.14.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.2.14.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.14.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.2.14.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.2.15. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.3. APAC
13.3.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.3.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.3.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.3.6. India
13.3.6.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.3.6.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.6.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.6.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.3.7. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.3.8. China
13.3.8.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.3.8.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.8.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.8.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.3.9. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.3.10. Japan
13.3.10.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.3.10.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.10.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.10.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.3.10.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.3.11. Rest of APAC
13.3.11.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.3.11.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.11.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.3.11.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.3.11.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.4. MEA
13.4.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.4.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.4.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.4.6. GCC
13.4.6.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.4.6.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.6.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.6.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.4.7. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.4.8. North Africa
13.4.8.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.4.8.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.8.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.8.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.4.9. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.4.10. South Africa
13.4.10.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.4.10.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.10.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.10.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.4.10.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.4.11. Rest of MEA
13.4.11.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.4.11.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.11.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.4.11.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.4.11.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.5. Latin America
13.5.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.5.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.5.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.5.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.5.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.5.6. Brazil
13.5.6.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.5.6.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.5.6.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.5.6.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.5.7. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
13.5.8. Rest of LATAM
13.5.8.1. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Component (2021-2033)
13.5.8.2. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Electric Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.5.8.3. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Vehicle Type (2021-2033)
13.5.8.4. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Sale Channel (2021-2033)
13.5.8.5. Market Revenue and Forecast, by Application (2021-2033)
Chapter 14. Company Profiles
14.1. Nissan Motor
14.1.1. Company Overview
14.1.2. Product Offerings
14.1.3. Financial Performance
14.1.4. Recent Initiatives
14.2. Open Motors
14.2.1. Company Overview
14.2.2. Product Offerings
14.2.3. Financial Performance
14.2.4. Recent Initiatives
14.3. REE Auto
14.3.1. Company Overview
14.3.2. Product Offerings
14.3.3. Financial Performance
14.3.4. Recent Initiatives
14.4. Rivian
14.4.1. Company Overview
14.4.2. Product Offerings
14.4.3. Financial Performance
14.4.4. Recent Initiatives
14.5. Saic Motor
14.5.1. Company Overview
14.5.2. Product Offerings
14.5.3. Financial Performance
14.5.4. Recent Initiatives
14.6. XAOS Motors
14.6.1. Company Overview
14.6.2. Product Offerings
14.6.3. Financial Performance
14.6.4. Recent Initiatives
14.7. Baic Motor
14.7.1. Company Overview
14.7.2. Product Offerings
14.7.3. Financial Performance
14.7.4. Recent Initiatives
14.8. BMW
14.8.1. Company Overview
14.8.2. Product Offerings
14.8.3. Financial Performance
14.8.4. Recent Initiatives
14.9. BYD
14.9.1. Company Overview
14.9.2. Product Offerings
14.9.3. Financial Performance
14.9.4. Recent Initiatives
14.10. Byton
14.10.1. Company Overview
14.10.2. Product Offerings
14.10.3. Financial Performance
14.10.4. Recent Initiatives
Chapter 15. Research Methodology
15.1. Primary Research
15.2. Secondary Research
15.3. Assumptions
Chapter 16. Appendix
16.1. About Us
16.2. Glossary of Terms